Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

!: Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

There are certain rules and guidelines to be followed to ensure proper usage and correct results when using Draeger Gas Detector Tubes, including the tubes found in the Simultaneous Test Sets provided with the Draeger CDS Kit.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Storage

To guarantee the accuracy of the tube indication throughout the shelf life, Draeger-Tubes should be stored in the original package at room temperature (approximately 20 C). A note on the package indicates a maximum storage temperature of 25 C (i.e. 77 F). Avoid excessively low (less than 35 F) or higher (greater than 77 F) temperatures during storage and do not subject the tubes to light for prolonged periods.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Use in Cold Temperatures

Since some of the reagents can freeze below 0 C it is almost impossible to give correction factors for the use of detector tubes in cold temperature. However, there is a simple answer to the problem, namely to ensure that the temperature in the tube remains within the operating range (see operating instructions) during the measurement. The easiest way to do this is to keep the tube warm by holding it closely in the hand. This technique is useful down to -20 C (i.e. -4 F). Sports mittens with a slit in the palm work well at the lower temperatures.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Disposal

Do not dispose of used or expired Draeger-Tubes in domestic waste. Draeger-Tubes must be disposed of properly, since the reagent system of the tube contains chemicals, even though the chemicals are present in extremely small amounts.

The storage or disposal of chemicals must be conducted according to local, state and federal regulations. Draeger Safety can provide the tube user a letter with general comments on disposal requirements as well as an attachment listing the pre-use contents of each of 15 defined groups of tubes (based on chemical reactants).

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maintains a toll-free telephone service called the RCRA Hotline, which provides guidance on regulatory issues. The number for the RCRA Hotline is 800-424-9346.

Draeger Supplemental Short Term Detector Tubes

The tubes in the Simultaneous Test Sets of the CDS Kit are characterized as "semi-quantitative", providing rough estimations on the concentrations of 8 chemical agents. Draeger has nearly 200 short-term tube options capable of detecting over 1,000 different chemicals.

There is space in the CDS Kit for 6 additional boxes of individual detector tubes, which are also used with the accuro sampling pump provided. Selection of these tubes is an individual choice and is influenced by what chemicals might be expected to be present in a certain area. For example, if there is a nearby industrial facility that has certain chemicals in use for their processes, tubes for those specific chemicals would be a likely choice.

There are certain common chemical or chemical families for which individual tubes most often may be selectively added to the CDS Kit. An overview of some of these, and relevant tubes to respond, is presented here. More detailed information is always available from Draeger Safety or our Authorized Distributors.

Ammonia

Ammonia is the 3rd largest volume chemical produced in the United States and is used in a large variety of applications. Draeger manufactures 5 different short-term ammonia tubes able to detect from 0.25 to 100,000 ppm. The tube with the most utility within the TLV and IDLH ranges is the Ammonia 5/a (P/N CH20501), which can measure between 5-700 ppm. The tube can also detect other basic gases such as organic amines.

Chlorine

Chlorine is the 9th highest volume chemical produced in the United States, still most commonly used in water purification. Draeger manufactures 3 different short-term tubes able to detect from 0.02 to 500 ppm. The recommended tube would be the Chlorine 0.2/a (P/N CH24301) capable of measuring between 0.02-30 ppm. This tube is also capable of estimating levels of chlorine dioxide if present. Additionally, it has sensitivity to bromine and nitrogen dioxide.

Carbon Monoxide

May be present in toxic concentrations at the site of a fire. Draeger provides 5 different short-term tubes for the detection of CO, including the Carbon Monoxide 10/b (P/N CH20601). This tube is capable of measuring from 10 to 3000 ppm CO. As the tube has sensitivity to a number of hydrocarbons a carbon pre-tube can be provided to remove interfering substances.

Hydrogen Sulfide

Draeger provides 10 different tubes for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide, which is highly flammable and toxic by inhalation. TLV is 10 ppm in air. The Hydrogen Sulfide 5/b tube (P/N CH29801) has a detection range of 5-600 ppm.

Petroleum Hydrocarbons

The Draeger Petroleum Hydrocarbons 10/a tube (P/N 8101691) has specific sensitivities to hexane, heptane, octane and other hydrocarbons. The standard calibration is for n-octane at 10 to 300 ppm. This tube is therefore capable of general measurement of a number of common substances such as gasoline, kerosene/aviation fuel, diesel fuel and various solvents/spirits.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Different chlorinated hydrocarbons still have a number of applications including dry cleaning (perchloroethylene), solvents (trichloroethane), degreasing (trichloroethylene) and adhesive production (vinyl chloride). Draeger manufactures tubes for all these specific compounds. The two most commonly used in HazMat Response have been the Perchloroethylene 2/a (P/N 8101501), range of 2-300 ppm, and the Trichloroethylene 10/a (P/N CH24401), which can measure 50-2000 ppm of TCE.

BTEX Compounds

The aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene have a large presence in the chemical/petrochemical markets in a wide variety of uses. The tube with the most utility in quantifying all BTEX compounds except benzene is the Toluene 5/b tube (P/N 8101661). Of the 5 different tubes offered for benzene measurement (collective range of 0.5 to 420 ppm), the most benzene specific is the Benzene 0.5/c (P/N 8101841), which can measure from 0.5 to 200 ppm.

Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid is the 25th highest volume chemical produced in the United States and commonly is used in food processing, steel pickling, metal cleaning and various acidizing applications. Measurement of the gaseous hydrogen chloride fraction is done with either of two hydrochloric acid tubes. The lower range Hydrochloric Acid 1/a (P/N CH29501) covers the range of 0.1 to 100 ppm.

Other chemical specific tubes that are available to complement the semi-quantitative tubes found in the Civil Defense Simultest Kit and help pinpoint levels of potential toxic substances include the following:

TUBE PART # RANGE

Nitrous Fumes 2/a (NO + NO2) CH31001 2-150 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 2/c 6719101 2-100 ppm Nitric Acid 1/a 6728311 1-50 ppm Hydrocyanic Acid 2/a CH25701 2-150 ppm Sulfur Dioxide 0.5/a CH31701 0.5-25 ppm Carbon Dioxide 0.1%/a CH23501 1000-60,000 ppm Phosgene 0.25/c CH28301 0.25-25 ppm Acetone 100/b (Ketones) CH22901 100-12,000 ppm Alcohol 25/a 8101631 25-5000 ppm Petroleum Hydrocarbons 100/a 6730201 100-2,500 (n-Octane)

Please see our website: http://www.buydraegersafety.com/draegertubes.aspx

For more information, please call 866-905-9793.

Company Profile

BuyDraegerSafety.com is an eCommerce Business Unit of Cross Instrumentation. We´re based East of Atlanta, GA in Conyers. Our focus is Industrial Sales of Process Measurement and Control equipment. We are specialists in hard to solve flow, level, analytical and safety applications. Our office phone number is 770-929-8441.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

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Introduction to Gas Measuring With Draeger Gas Detection Instruments

!: Introduction to Gas Measuring With Draeger Gas Detection Instruments

Gas measurement serves as a technical aid and an assessment of the concentration is only possible with a gas measurement device. To determine the hazard potential of a gas it is necessary to measure its concentration and to consider the duration of exposure and other parameters such as the type of work being performed.

Natural, ambient air is chemically a gas mixture that consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen 0.03% carbon dioxide as well as argon, helium and other rare gases in trace centrations. In addition there is water vapor, e. g. humidity. If the concentrations of the components change, or a foreign gas is added, we no longer have natural air. When these changes occur, the potential for adverse health effects exist.

The spectrum of other so-called air components can be extremely broad. It can range from the pleasant fragrance of a good perfume to the over powering stench of hydrogen sulfide. Likewise, the hazard of each "air pollutant" varies considerably. The type of substance,its concentration and duration of occurrence, as well as probable synergistic effects with certain gas compounds must all be considered. In addition, there are many air pollutants which cannot be perceived by human senses because they are colorless and odorless (e. g. carbon monoxide).

If the composition of the natural air changes in any way, it should be tested, to determine the substance which caused this change. Even substances with distinctive odors cannot be reliably assessed with the aid of the olfactory nerve in the nose. The olfactory nerve can become desensitized after a certain period of time or repeated exposure, making it impossible to smell even immediately dangerous concentrations. After a few hours we do not even perceive the pleasant fragrance of our own perfume and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide escape from the sense of smell even after a very short while.

Subjectively, one persons sense of smell may be more sensitive to certain air pollutants than others. In many cases substances are noticed in very low concentrations which, even after a long-term exposure do not necessarily cause adverse health effects. In general the sense of smell is sufficient in determining the presence of air pollutants, but the need exists for an objective gas analysis method. Gas measurement serves as a technical aid and an assessment of the concentration is only possible with a gas measurement device. To determine the hazard potential of a gas it is necessary to measure its concentration and to consider the duration of exposure and other parameters such as the type of work being performed.

An important prerequisite to determining the potential of any gaseous air pollutants is the determination of the concentration with a suitable gas measurement device. The kind of device to be used depends on which gases have to be measured and how often. Much to the dismay of both the user and the manufacturer, there is no universal instrument which measures all gases or vapors. The variety of substances is too wide for a single technique to measure all possible air pollutants. The more chemically complex a substance is, the more complex the gas measurement technique.

It may be that more than one measurement device or measurement method may be employed, each based on different operational principles. The instrumentation industry offers various devices for this purpose which can be used, individually or in combination on the measurement task:

- flame ionization detectors

- photo ionization detectors

- gas chromatographs

- infrared spectrometers

- UV-VIS photometers

- warning devices for explosion hazards

- Draeger-Tubes

- Draeger Chip-Measurement-System

- laboratory analysis in conjunction with sampling tubes or gas wash bottles (impinger)

- mass spectrometers

- substance selective instruments with e. g. electrochemical sensors

The choice of which monitor or measurement method to use depends upon the objective.

The user must evaluate the situation and determine which substances to measure, how often, etc. Each of the above mentioned devices and methods have advantages and limitations. There is no universal monitor for all possible scenarios. For the selection of a suitable measuring device and to support the user in solving measurement problems, Draeger Safety AG & Co. KGaA offers competent know-how and technical assistance. The customer / employer should carefully train the user / employee on the use of their measurement device. Any use of the measurement device without receiving prior comprehensive training can be permitted by the customer / employer to the user / employees, at the customer / employees own risk.

Photo and flame ionization detectors are distinguished by short response periods but they do not offer substance selectivity. Gas chromatographs, infrared and UV-VIS photometers are very versatile but on the other hand they are comparatively expensive and require a specialist to calibrate the devices and interpret the readings correctly. Warning devices for explosion hazards like the Drager X-am 5000 are equipped with catalytical sensors to determine explosion levels of combustible gases and vapors. They are not designed to measure lower concentrations and thus are not suitable for this task.

Draeger-Tubes with direct reading colorimetric indication have many applications. Approximately 500 different substances can be measured with Drager-Tubes. Limited selectivity and the fact that Drager-Tubes are usually capable of only being used a once may present a disadvantage. If repeated measurements of the same substance are to be performed daily, a measurement device like the Draeger Pac 7000 CO with its electrochemical sensor for the measurement of carbon monoxide is more economic than Draeger-Tubes.

When complex mixtures (e. g. solvent mixtures), are present, usually only a laboratory analysis will suffice. The prerequisite is that the contaminated air is trapped in a sorbent sampling tube like silica gel or activated charcoal.

After collecting the sample, analysis is performed in the laboratory with gas chromatographic methods, or sometimes by the combination of gas chromatography / mass spectroscopy. Laboratory procedures of this kind offer particularly high selectivity, but the analysis devices are very expensive, requiring high maintenance costs and operation by specialists.

Regardless of the gas measurement device or what analysis procedure is used, it is essential that the contaminant of interest be identifiable and measurable. Apart from a few exceptions in process monitoring, it is very unlikely that concentrations of other substances can be determined by subtracting the concentration of the gas which can be identified. For example, if the oxygen concentration is below the 17 or 19.5 Vol. % limit, it cannot be said which substance has displaced the oxygen without further investigation. In the case of very high carbon dioxide concentrations there is the danger of suffocation; likewise if there is a leak in a gas pipeline the presence of methane poses an explosion hazard. Other contaminants present in the ppm range would not influence the oxygen measurement enough to alert anyone to a potential hazard. Since many of the occupational exposure limits are in the range of 1 ppm, the measurement by difference technique is typically inadequate.

Before each measurement an assessment of the situation should be made as to what contaminants are in question, at what locations, at what times, and so forth, according to established safety procedures. Monitoring according to established safety guidelines will help ensure safety in the workplace and effective use of monitoring equipment.

Please see our website: BuyDraegerSafety

Introduction to Gas Measuring With Draeger Gas Detection Instruments

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Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

!: Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

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There are certain rules and guidelines to be followed to ensure proper usage and correct results when using Draeger Gas Detector Tubes, including the tubes found in the Simultaneous Test Sets provided with the Draeger CDS Kit.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Storage

To guarantee the accuracy of the tube indication throughout the shelf life, Draeger-Tubes should be stored in the original package at room temperature (approximately 20 C). A note on the package indicates a maximum Storage temperature of 25 C (i.e. 77 F). Avoid excessively low (less than 35 F) or higher (greater than 77 F) temperatures during Storage and do not subject the tubes to light for prolonged periods.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Use in Cold Temperatures

Since some of the reagents can freeze below 0 C it is almost impossible to give correction factors for the use of detector tubes in cold temperature. However, there is a simple answer to the problem, namely to ensure that the temperature in the tube remains within the operating range (see operating instructions) during the measurement. The easiest way to do this is to keep the tube warm by holding it closely in the hand. This technique is useful down to -20 C (i.e. -4 F). Sports mittens with a slit in the palm work well at the lower temperatures.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Disposal

Do not dispose of used or expired Draeger-Tubes in domestic waste. Draeger-Tubes must be disposed of properly, since the reagent system of the tube contains chemicals, even though the chemicals are present in extremely small amounts.

The storage or disposal of chemicals must be conducted according to local, state and federal regulations. Draeger Safety can provide the tube user a letter with general comments on disposal requirements as well as an attachment listing the pre-use contents of each of 15 defined groups of tubes (based on chemical reactants).

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maintains a toll-free telephone service called the RCRA Hotline, which provides guidance on regulatory issues. The number for the RCRA Hotline is 800-424-9346.

Draeger Supplemental Short Term Detector Tubes

The tubes in the Simultaneous Test Sets of the CDS Kit are characterized as "semi-quantitative", providing rough estimations on the concentrations of 8 chemical agents. Draeger has nearly 200 short-term tube options capable of detecting over 1,000 different chemicals.

There is space in the CDS Kit for 6 additional boxes of individual detector tubes, which are also used with the accuro sampling pump provided. Selection of these tubes is an individual choice and is influenced by what chemicals might be expected to be present in a certain area. For example, if there is a nearby industrial facility that has certain chemicals in use for their processes, tubes for those specific chemicals would be a likely choice.

There are certain common chemical or chemical families for which individual tubes most often may be selectively added to the CDS Kit. An overview of some of these, and relevant tubes to respond, is presented here. More detailed information is always available from Draeger Safety or our Authorized Distributors.

Ammonia

Ammonia is the 3rd largest volume chemical produced in the United States and is used in a large variety of applications. Draeger manufactures 5 different short-term ammonia tubes able to detect from 0.25 to 100,000 ppm. The tube with the most utility within the TLV and IDLH ranges is the Ammonia 5/a (P/N CH20501), which can measure between 5-700 ppm. The tube can also detect other basic gases such as organic amines.

Chlorine

Chlorine is the 9th highest volume chemical produced in the United States, still most commonly used in water purification. Draeger manufactures 3 different short-term tubes able to detect from 0.02 to 500 ppm. The recommended tube would be the Chlorine 0.2/a (P/N CH24301) capable of measuring between 0.02-30 ppm. This tube is also capable of estimating levels of chlorine dioxide if present. Additionally, it has sensitivity to bromine and nitrogen dioxide.

Carbon Monoxide

May be present in toxic concentrations at the site of a fire. Draeger provides 5 different short-term tubes for the detection of CO, including the Carbon Monoxide 10/b (P/N CH20601). This tube is capable of measuring from 10 to 3000 ppm CO. As the tube has sensitivity to a number of hydrocarbons a carbon pre-tube can be provided to remove interfering substances.

Hydrogen Sulfide

Draeger provides 10 different tubes for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide, which is highly flammable and toxic by inhalation. TLV is 10 ppm in air. The Hydrogen Sulfide 5/b tube (P/N CH29801) has a detection range of 5-600 ppm.

Petroleum Hydrocarbons

The Draeger Petroleum Hydrocarbons 10/a tube (P/N 8101691) has specific sensitivities to hexane, heptane, octane and other hydrocarbons. The standard calibration is for n-octane at 10 to 300 ppm. This tube is therefore capable of general measurement of a number of common substances such as gasoline, kerosene/aviation fuel, diesel fuel and various solvents/spirits.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

Different chlorinated hydrocarbons still have a number of applications including dry cleaning (perchloroethylene), solvents (trichloroethane), degreasing (trichloroethylene) and adhesive production (vinyl chloride). Draeger manufactures tubes for all these specific compounds. The two most commonly used in HazMat Response have been the Perchloroethylene 2/a (P/N 8101501), range of 2-300 ppm, and the Trichloroethylene 10/a (P/N CH24401), which can measure 50-2000 ppm of TCE.

BTEX Compounds

The aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene have a large presence in the chemical/petrochemical markets in a wide variety of uses. The tube with the most utility in quantifying all BTEX compounds except benzene is the Toluene 5/b tube (P/N 8101661). Of the 5 different tubes offered for benzene measurement (collective range of 0.5 to 420 ppm), the most benzene specific is the Benzene 0.5/c (P/N 8101841), which can measure from 0.5 to 200 ppm.

Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid is the 25th highest volume chemical produced in the United States and commonly is used in food processing, steel pickling, metal cleaning and various acidizing applications. Measurement of the gaseous hydrogen chloride fraction is done with either of two hydrochloric acid tubes. The lower range Hydrochloric Acid 1/a (P/N CH29501) covers the range of 0.1 to 100 ppm.

Other chemical specific tubes that are available to complement the semi-quantitative tubes found in the Civil Defense Simultest Kit and help pinpoint levels of potential toxic substances include the following:

TUBE PART # RANGE

Nitrous Fumes 2/a (NO + NO2) CH31001 2-150 ppm Nitrogen Dioxide 2/c 6719101 2-100 ppm Nitric Acid 1/a 6728311 1-50 ppm Hydrocyanic Acid 2/a CH25701 2-150 ppm Sulfur Dioxide 0.5/a CH31701 0.5-25 ppm Carbon Dioxide 0.1%/a CH23501 1000-60,000 ppm Phosgene 0.25/c CH28301 0.25-25 ppm Acetone 100/b (Ketones) CH22901 100-12,000 ppm Alcohol 25/a 8101631 25-5000 ppm Petroleum Hydrocarbons 100/a 6730201 100-2,500 (n-Octane)

Please see our website: http://www.buydraegersafety.com/draegertubes.aspx

For more information, please call 866-905-9793.

Company Profile

BuyDraegerSafety.com is an eCommerce Business Unit of Cross Instrumentation. We´re based East of Atlanta, GA in Conyers. Our focus is Industrial Sales of Process Measurement and Control equipment. We are specialists in hard to solve flow, level, analytical and safety applications. Our office phone number is 770-929-8441.

Draeger Gas Detector Tube Technical Information

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